Waltz

History

Origins and Cultural Context

Until the 18th century, European dance was sharply divided between courtly forms—such as the Minuet, where movement was refined, formal, and performed with bows and curtsies—and country dances, which were livelier and more relaxed. Court dances required upright posture, precise turnout, and minimal physical contact.

The arrival of the Waltz changed everything.

Evolution of the Waltz

The name Waltz comes from the Italian word "volver", meaning to turn or revolve. It evolved from the German and Austrian peasant dance known as the Ländler, and it became the first widely popular dance featuring a closed position between the partners.

This level of physical contact was shocking to polite society. Critics labeled the Waltz as scandalous and immoral, and many etiquette books warned against the impropriety of partners dancing so closely.

Standardization and Rise to Popularity

Despite the early controversy, the Waltz spread rapidly. It was eventually standardized with:

  • The Box Step as its foundational figure
  • The closed ballroom hold still used today

The Waltz dominated European and American social dancing throughout the 19th century. Its popularity only waned after the First World War, when newer dances like the Tango and Foxtrot captured public attention.

Musical Information

  • Time Signature: 3/4
  • Tempo: 30–32 mpm

Dance Characteristics

Overview

Waltz is known for:

  • Rise & Fall – continuous lifting and lowering throughout each measure
  • Sway – gentle body movement that complements the turning action
  • Foot glide – the feet maintain contact with the floor to create seamless motion

Overall, Waltz has an elegant, floating quality, often romantic and sometimes slightly wistful or melancholy. It remains one of the most iconic and beloved ballroom dances.